Essay --

1. Introduction 1.1 Definition High speed machining (HSM) enables an increase in efficiency, accuracy, productivity and quality of work-pieces as well as a reduction in costs and completion time compared to conventional machining. [1, 2] HSM can trace back to early twenties of 20th century. However, the definitions of HSM are varied and complicated. The first definition is proposed by Carl Salomon in 1931. Salomon’s theory is that the chip-to-tool temperature will begin to decrease at a certain cutting speed which is 5 to10 times higher than conventional machining speed as shown in Figure 1. [1, 3] Figure 1 Salomon's theory Nowadays, one popular definition of HSM is based on the DN ratio, which means the bearing bore diameter (mm) multiplied by the maximum spindle speed (rev/min). For high-speed machining, the typical DN ratio is between 500,000 and 1,000,000. Moreover, HSM generally refers to end milling at high rotational speeds or surface speeds as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 High Speed Machining HSM means utilizing cutting speed significantly higher than conventional machining speed. Generally, a specific range is used to quantitatively define machining speeds, which is shown as follows. [4] †¢ High speed machining : 600-1,800 m/min, †¢ Very high speed machining: 1,800-18,000 m/min, †¢ Ultra high speed machining : >18,000 m/min. The range of high speed milling is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 Range of high speed milling There is a comparison between conventional machining and high speed machining shown in the table. Parameters Conventional HSM The tool/workpiece contact time Long Short Accuracy Low High Cutting force High Low Surface finish Low High Material removal rate Low High Cutting fluid Need No need normall... ...lusion Machining processes are fundamental and essential steps in manufacturing engineering. HSM as a modern technology can bring about a dramatic increase in efficiency, accuracy, productivity and quality of work-pieces as well as a reduction in costs and completion time. However, there are some disadvantages of HSM, which require to be overcome to realize scientific and economic benefits in a better way. Therefore, the potential improvement is proposed, such as the multi-purpose coatings as well as the combination with AR to become smart HSM. Additionally, it is of vital importance to hold and balance the tool properly to ensure the best performance. With the potential development in the future, HSM can find more applications in manufacturing engineering, and generate more perfect products in a more safe and effective method and finally contribute to the society.

Nurses’ Practice Environments Essay

Purpose: Medication errors remain a threat to patient safety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among characteristics of the nursing practice environment, nurse staffing levels, nurses’ error interception practices, and rates of non-intercepted medication errors in acute care hospitals. Summary: LTICs are used in patients of various ages, but are most frequently seen in older adults. LTICs are placed in patients due to a number of reasons such as urinary retention, incontinence, immobility and spinal cord injury. The body’s natural and main defense mechanism against UTIs occurs when voiding, and in the bladder’s wall where antibacterial activity arises. However, when an LTICs are present, the risk for UTIs increase due to reasons such as: exasperation due to catheter parts, pressure caused by the inflated balloon, residual urine in the bladder from the placement of the balloon, and the â€Å"ischemic damage to the bladder mu cosa caused by bladder distention† (Muzzi-Bjornson & Macera, 2011). Essentially, the body’s natural defense is altered, and thus this irritation increases the risk for UTIs. In addition, biofilm formation on the LTIC, also poses a risk for CAUTIs. Biofilm formation on a urinary catheter is a layer of microorganisms on the catheter surface. Ultimately, the longer duration (days) catheters remain in place, the risk of CAUTIs increases. A major problem associated with LTICs and urinary catheters in general, are their tendencies to block and possibly damage the urethra, resulting in an inflamed urinary mucosa. Thus, it is critical to take preventative measures to decrease the risk for CAUTIs for those using LTICs. For instance, these measures include: basic nursing care  especially keeping a sterile environment, intake of cranberry juice or extract, use of appropriate catheter, antibiotics, and oral drug with deactivated/killed bacteria. Nursing Implications: 1. Despite the setting, whether the patient is at home or in the hospital, sterile conditions are vital. Perform hand hygiene and use aseptic technique upon insertion of indwelling catheter. 2. Assess catheters regularly to reduce infection. Keep in mind that catheters should be removed as soon as possible. Remember that the longer the catheters are in place, the greater risk of infections. Also, be aware of patient’s symptoms of CAUTI. 3. Ensure that the catheter is a closed drainage system, and secure the device in place. This will aid in reduction of bladder wall and lining irritation, reduce the patient’s pain, and promote good urine drainage into the collection bag. 4. Obtain urine sample with culture for patients on drug therapy, and monitor/maintain patient’s fluid intake. 5. If not contraindicated, follow orders and give patient cranberry juice and/or extract. Cranberry juice has been speculated to lower urinary pH levels, which impedes bacterial growth. 6. Strictly monitor patient if on prophylactic antibiotics; be aware of dangers/adverse effects. Reference Flynn, L. , Liang, Y. , Dickson, G. , Xie, M. , & Suh, D. (2012). Nurses’ practice environments, error interception practices, and inpatient medication errors. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 44(2), 180-186.

Effective Leadership Essay

Being an effective leader means learning who you are and what you stand for, and having the courage to act on your values. Moral leadership is quite similar to the concept of servant leadership in that the emphasis and the reward are based in doing for others. A leader serves using an ethical foundation which is then adapted and acted on by followers within the organization. Moral leadership describes how leaders make decisions according to beliefs about right and wrong. A system of morals, or beliefs, is also very personal to leaders. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., displayed courage and moral leadership; Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the eldest son of Martin Luther King Sr., a Baptist minister and Alberta Williams King. King attended local segregated public school. He entered Morehouse College at the age of 15 and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in sociology in 1948. After graduating with honors from Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania in 1951, he went to Boston University where he earned a doctoral degree in systematic theology in 1955. Throughout his education, King was exposed to influences that related Christian theology to the struggles of oppressed people. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., operated on moral leadership, distinguishing right from wrong and doing right, seeking the just, the honest, the good, and the right conduct in achieving goals and fulfilling purpose. In May of 1963, Martin Luther King Jr., and his Southern Christian Leadership Conference staff escalated anti-segregation marches in Birmingham by encouraging teenagers and school children to join. Hundreds of singing children filled the streets of downtown Birmingham, angering Sheriff Bull Connor, who sent police officers with attack dogs and firefighters with high-pressure water hoses against the marchers. Scenes of young protesters being attacked by dogs and pinned against buildings by torrents of water from fire hoses were shown in newspapers and television around the world. During the demonstration, King was arrested and sent to jail. He wrote a letter from his jail cell to local clergymen who had criticized him for creating disorder in the city. His â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail† which argued that individuals had the moral right and responsibility to disobey unjust laws, was widely read at the time and added to King’s standing as a moral leader. The demonstration forced white leaders to negotiate and end some form of segregation in Birmingham. Even more important, the protest encouraged many Americans to support national legislation against segregation. Martin Luther King Jr. and other black leaders organized the 1963 March on Washington, a massive protest in Washington, D.C, for jobs and civil rights. On August 28, 1963, King delivered the keynote address to an audience of more than 200,000 civil rights supporters. His â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech expressed the hopes of the Civil Rights Movement in oratory as moving as any in American history: â€Å" I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: â€Å" We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. â€Å" I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character†. The speech and the march built on the Birmingham demonstration to create the political momentum that resulted in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited segregation in public accommodations, as well as discrimination in education and employment. As a result of King’s effectiveness as a leader of the American Civil rights Movement and his highly visible moral and courage stance he was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize for peace.

Learning

Dear Mrs.. Bailey, I'm looking forward to acquiring new skills and strategies to apply, not only in my pursuit of higher education, but in every aspect of my life. I've always been an avid learner, ready to soak up information and knowledge every chance I get. Learning new things has been a major interest of mine for as long as I can remember, which is saying allot, because I actually have a few memories from when was a toddler. Throughout my early years in school, I was a straight A student who picked up on everything right away.My love of acquiring and sharing knowledge continues to grow as time passes. Though am quite aware that I am mentally capable of accomplishing any feat of intellectual nature performed by any man before me, I am honest enough to admit that face some formidable adversaries within myself. Being diagnosed with depression adds several obstacles within itself. For starters, waking up isn't always as easy as it may be for some others. At times, it can take a self- talking, convincing yourself that you have to get up, and in severe cases not even that works.The challenges associated with Major Depression are too numerous to name in this passage. No matter which symptoms arise, I know I must overcome them because depression is a diagnosis I live with, not who I am. Though I am quite adept at learning and applying new knowledge, I know that there is always room for improvement, as no-one knows everything and no-one is perfect. Being a quick study affords me the advantage need to stay relevant in the ever-changing world of business and technology.And, even though I am quite knowledgeable in many areas, I know that the benefits of following the curriculum set forth will further prepare me for the life I want my family and myself by refining and enhancing the knowledge I already possess and adding I wealth of knowledge I have yet to attain. I would like to take this time to thank you in advance for all of your assistance during this journey I am e mbarking on and hope you have a great day. Learning Dear Mrs.. Bailey, I'm looking forward to acquiring new skills and strategies to apply, not only in my pursuit of higher education, but in every aspect of my life. I've always been an avid learner, ready to soak up information and knowledge every chance I get. Learning new things has been a major interest of mine for as long as I can remember, which is saying allot, because I actually have a few memories from when was a toddler. Throughout my early years in school, I was a straight A student who picked up on everything right away.My love of acquiring and sharing knowledge continues to grow as time passes. Though am quite aware that I am mentally capable of accomplishing any feat of intellectual nature performed by any man before me, I am honest enough to admit that face some formidable adversaries within myself. Being diagnosed with depression adds several obstacles within itself. For starters, waking up isn't always as easy as it may be for some others. At times, it can take a self- talking, convincing yourself that you have to get up, and in severe cases not even that works.The challenges associated with Major Depression are too numerous to name in this passage. No matter which symptoms arise, I know I must overcome them because depression is a diagnosis I live with, not who I am. Though I am quite adept at learning and applying new knowledge, I know that there is always room for improvement, as no-one knows everything and no-one is perfect. Being a quick study affords me the advantage need to stay relevant in the ever-changing world of business and technology.And, even though I am quite knowledgeable in many areas, I know that the benefits of following the curriculum set forth will further prepare me for the life I want my family and myself by refining and enhancing the knowledge I already possess and adding I wealth of knowledge I have yet to attain. I would like to take this time to thank you in advance for all of your assistance during this journey I am e mbarking on and hope you have a great day.

Developments of China and Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Developments of China and Europe - Essay Example If we analyse the history of Europe, it will come to our notice that Europe has been defined and redefined from time to time and its identity changed with the overall historical periods. (Hudson 2000). For example, a Europe of Middle Ages is different than the Europe during the industrial revolution similarly, if we assess the rise and fall of China, we will observe the same patterns in its history. Development of China also took place in a very strange and somewhat unusual manner because it flourished along the yellow river and in various city states. This simultaneous development of cities within Chinese civilization provided it necessary uniqueness in terms of its evaluation as one of the most important civilizations of the world. The era during 200-800 A.D. in Europe started with the rise of Roma as the center of world civilization. From 753 BC to AD 337, Roma or Rome dominated the European history and brought up one of the most important civilizations of the world which laid the foundations for later moderation that took place during that period. One of the most important aspects of this period was the development of political institutions in the Europe and as such modern foundations of democracy as the most preferred method of governance was laid down. (Davies 1996). On the other hand, in China, first 100 years i.e. 100 AD were marked with the invention of paper and its mass scale production was started under the direction of Cai Lun. Similarly, Buddhism also started to make inroads into the Chinese culture as missionaries of Buddhism started to gain significant influence within the Chinese society. (Ebrey 1999). If we compare the initial period of the history in these two regions, we will come to a conclusion that the both the regions were parallel to each other in terms of religious development because at one hand, Buddhism was gaining control in Chinese society in the first

Simulation Perceptual Maps in Marketing Research Paper

Simulation Perceptual Maps in Marketing - Research Paper Example Thorr Motors for example has used these maps to design a marketing plan for their high brand. Scholar Clemente defines these maps as processes through which the perception of consumers on an existing commodity are charted. I will attempt to discuss the three simulation phases, and recommended solutions and results. Phase I: this involves perceptual mapping. The situation here is decrease in sales due to brand image. This is so because the Cruiser Thorr’s target consumers were aging and their tastes had begun to outgrow the lifestyle that Cruiser Thorr symbolizes. In addition to this issue, youthful customers had more interest in lower priced motorcycles due to their lower personal disposable incomes. Maps that were perceptual were used to position Cruiser Thorr’s position in the market in terms of consumer perceptions. The parameters for mapping included price, services offered, lifestyle image and quality engineering. Since the Cruiser Thorr’s image was being ou tgrown by the target audience which was aging, lifestyle image was chosen. The mapping of the image was useful in maintaining a level of image that it satisfies both younger and older customers. Lifestyle image was important to Thorr as it had the potential to influence a customer’s decision to buy a Cruiser Thorr because of its representation. Since perceptual maps are visual representation of a customer's opinion of a brand and the Lifestyle Image of Cruiser Thorr is that of masculinity and mobility, Thorr Motorcycles should make changes regarding the consumer image in the wake of decreasing sales, so as to be able to bring back the profits the Cruiser Thorr had before. Marketing is not only about selling and advertising, it also affects products and the consumers in the economic system and organizations must understand how this happens. Simulation helps perfectly in this in that it helps construct and use perceptual maps so as to create effective marketing plans like for T horr’s motorcycle brand. Phase II: phase two of simulation is about the product, either introducing a new product into the market or repositioning the existing one. The situation involves decrease in sales of Cruiser Thor and the need to come up with a market plan able to reposition Cruiser Thorr to effectively and efficiently launch a new product of a motorcycle. The top judgment for the association was aimed at repositioning Cruiser Thorr through financing solutions and boosting services. By providing financing alternatives and rising services Thorr Motorcycles Inc can open doors for possible consumers who may have had the feeling that the Cruiser Thorr was further than their reach especially younger viewers who may already have shown great interest and passion in the Cruiser Thorr. Recommended Solutions: The solutions here are in the area of reforming engineering in terms of quality, pricing, and services. Quality engineering touches on every aspect or quality of the commo dity or product, including style, design, engine capacity and more importantly, the design of the engine. Quality engineering has a high market impact of the product and could increase sales by meeting the customers’ needs in terms of quality, thus increasing the organization’s level of credibility of its products. Pricing is also very important to customers as it influences decisions to make a purchase for an item or not. Having a high price is okay as long as the quality and credibility

My vision of the modern lawyer in the 21st century Essay

My vision of the modern lawyer in the 21st century - Essay Example Justice and fairness is a principle that many nations are advocating for in the 21st Century. The fundamental role played by diversity and dynamism of modern lawyers and modern law cannot be refuted. A dynamic character should be creative and innovative. In this regard, the modern lawyers cannot hold onto the old doctrines of operation, where so much time was needed to make a significant reform independent of external factors. Embracing this principle is a guarantee that commerciality of lawyers in the 21stCentury will be achieved. Lawyers play a very crucial role of guiding their clients on legal matters. The services offered are not free of charge. In this regard, service delivery is accompanied by costs, which are basically the underlying principle incentive for duty and responsibility discharge. In other words, legal and business aspects are combined, where either party to this undertaking is a beneficiary. Going commercial is a desire for a 21st Century lawyer. The level of representation does not matter, but the activities undertaken therein do. Lawyers provide their services at differentiated levels. Some operate simply as private consultants on legal matters, others practice advocacy, while others perfectly commercialize their services into commercial law firms. Whatever the case, it is evident that legal matters primarily determine how functional a lawyer is. For a 21st Century lawyer, the field and line of work should be enterprising, but most importantly competitive and effective. Therefore, the place of work does not really matter, but the quality of a lawyer’s output does. Law, legal practice and related professions are highly influenced by one factor; the client. Contemporary trends have saw clients become more cautious on legal issues that surround them. The world has become a dynamic structure, and every now and then there is something new that seems to improve a given phenomenon. However, with these changes, there are underlying